Baby Thesis Essay

State of the Problem This study aimed to established and look into the factors leading to the parent-child misunderstanding of the high school students and their parents of the Saint Patrick’s Academy in School Year 2014 -2015. Specifically, this study also sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the level of the closeness of the parent and teenage child based on how often they are communicating? 2. What are the factors that really affect the parent and teenage child communication? 3. What are the common problems between parent and child? Significance of the Study The result of the study would be beneficial to the administrator, guidance counselors, teacher, parents, students, to the future researcher and to those aspiring to have a family someday as well. The study would be of great help to those parents and teenage child whose experiencing such kind of communication gap. To the administrator, it would serve as a guide to create some programs encouraging to the good communication of parent and child. To the guidance counselor, it would serve as a help to improve their skills in guidance counseling and it would guide them to more understand the students they guided. To the teachers, it would serve as a help them to understand those students with such experience. To the parents, it would serve as guide not only to improve their respond and communication with their teenage child but also to understand more what their child wants to express. To the students, it would serve not only as a help to be aware of their communication to their parents but also as a guide in improving their understanding about their parents. To the future researcher, it would serve as guide for their future research/thesis. To those aspiring to have a family someday, it would serve as a guide to have a good parenting. Scope and Limitations of the Study The study was focused on the factors leading to the parent-child misunderstanding among the high school students of the Saint Patrick’s Academy and their parents. The subjects of the study were 398 students enrolled in the School Year 2014 – 2015 and their parents or their guardian. Definition of Terms Consanguinity. It is the property of being from the same kinship as another person. Affinity. It is the relationship, especially by marriage as opposed to blood ties. Matrifocal. It is the relationship between a mother and her children. Conjugal. It is the relationship between a husband, his wife and children. Thenuclear family. It is the another term use for conjugal. Generation gap. It is the differences of outlook or opinion between people of different generations. Miscommunication. It is the failure to communicate adequately. Peer Group. It is a group of people of approximately the same age, status, and interests. Harrassment. It is the aggressive pressure or intimidation.

Parle G: Marketing

Parole G Is the world's largest manufacturer of biscuits by volume or tonnage and has been in the numerous nun spot since a very long time. It has done so primarily by positioning its product, Parole G Biscuit, at optimally affordable rates which caters to customers from all walks of life especially the low income groups In the Bottom of the Pyramid. Of late, due to Inflation and evolution of economic factors, the Input of two major raw materials, sugar and weight which constitutes 55% of the manufacturing cost have risen provoking the management to rethink on the pricing strategy.The outcome of this inflation has resulted in the decrease In the margin It used to command. The dip has been from 15% to 10% of margins of Its total revenues. Management is now mulling over to raise the price to reinstate the margins at 15% as previously mandated. Proving Giuliani, the GM of Parole Products has to take two major decisions regarding the above scenario and they are as follows:- These questio ns needs to be addressed as soon as possible because of the presence of competitive products and companies in the same domain.The other very visible trend that management bore witness to, was the gradual migration of consumer pending to high-end biscuit segment belonging to the sweet, cream and milk categories. This trend was seen to be taking place within the portfolio of Parole G products and in the industry it was operating in.The Pricing Strategy Decision One of the methods to zero in on a pricing strategy Is a careful analysis of the existing product biz a biz the price and the quality. Parole G biscuit, as can be Inferred from the case, is a high quality biscuit with a low price.High Quality here does not mean premium biscuits as the like of Bourbon or Ore; It means that the utility generated Day ten product Is very null. 0 Turner Loretta, take ten example AT Monika Phones that are available in the market. The range varies from INNER 1200 (approve) to figures substantial than that. The lower segment phone still generates world class service that comes within such price. Hence, the quality being high and the price being low, the company has followed Penetration Strategy. This allows for the marketing objective of proportioning increasing sales volumes or market share rather make profits.This method of Pricing has the following advantages:- ; It can create goodwill among the early adopters segment. This can create more trade wrought word of mouth. ; It creates cost control and cost reduction pressures from the start, leading to greater efficiency. ; It discourages the entry of competitors. Low prices act as a barrier to entry (Porter 5 forces analysis). ; It can create high stock turnover throughout the distribution channel. This can create critically important enthusiasm and support in the channel.The major disadvantage of Price Penetration is that it establishes long term price expectations on the part of the consumers and hence companies find it difficu lt to raise prices later in the years to come. Studies have shown that switchers (bargain hunters) are attracted by such pricing strategies and that is the reason why Parole G witnessed a dip in sales after it went ahead with a price increase. We can further say that the huge customer base that Parole G has garnered are extremely price sensitive individuals and will switch once prices rise.All said and done, if we again carefully examine the situation of Parole G before the mentioned inflationary setbacks hit them, we see the following points that do merit mentioning:- ; Product demand is highly price elastic. Substantial economies of scale are available. The product is suitable for a mass market as a result of high demand ;The product has a chance to face stiff competition in the future For Parole G to win in the market place it has to devise strategies centered on Price Penetration since following any of the other strategies will have immediate ramifications or would not fit into the scheme of things.In short, Price increase is not the best feasible options Parole G has. Product Life Cycle On the Product Life Cycle front, it's absolutely important to trace where Parole G lies. As on the date of the case, it's very visible that the product had attained maturity and NY change in market environment or internal strategy could either destabilize leading the product to dip or sustain the current traction of maturity. Parole G, being excessively price sensitive should ensure to stabilize the product and that would mean adopting practices and strategies which would ensure penetration without changing the price.The other option we can thus look into is reducing grammar. This was done before with success and it can be replicated again however this has to be done without compromising on quality Ana calorie. I en toner long term Implication AT tens P owe the other products of Parole G are faring. Hide & Seek and Milan are both on a growth stage while at the same time th e growth potential of the premium market is pegged at 20% annually, more than 15% in the glucose category. Parole G can hence focus on this segment proactively as well.This is not proposed to offset the decline in the glucose segment but to De-risk the company and take advantage of the booming middle class of India that grows significantly every year. From Exhibit 2, the population of seekers and aspires are growing significantly. The Representation of the data is as follows:- Recommendations and future plan of action:- 1. Proposed reduction in grammar of INNER 4 from 82. G to egg Rationale: The INNER 4. 00 SKU contributes 1 1. 9 billion (2008-09) which is 34% of Parse's total Revenue and 50% of Parole G revenue.This SKU caters to the largest segment of consumers. As mentioned before, the price of the product cannot be changed due to high price elasticity of demand, therefore to mitigate the fall in margin, we propose a decrease in the grammar of this SKU from 82. G to egg. This red uction of 2. 5 g would lead to a reduction in the costs of 3. 03% per unit of INNER 4 SKI-J. Since the margins are a direct function of the cost and this particular SKU comprises of a large percentage of the business, this reduction in grams would increase the margins considerably. 2.Target the socioeconomic classes of RI, RE, RE and RE Rationale: This segment consists of the rural population of 145. 7 million households out of which 68. 3 million households are current consumers of the brand. Thus 53. 1% of this segment is still untapped which we believe is a tremendous potential for the company. This segment, also referred to as the BOP, is primarily attracted by the low prices and therefore the smaller SKU s. If we can increase our customer base in this segment, the decrease in cost in the SKU by reduction in grammar would be able to overcome the fall in margins.

Lumbini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lumbini - Essay Example It was in the month of May, 642 BC when Maya Devi on her way to Devadaha , her parents home gave birth to Lord Buddha while resting under a sal tree . The nativity scene of Lord Buddha was built by the Malla kings during their rule which lasted from the 11th to the 15th century in the Karnali zone of Nepal . This wonderful work of sculpture which was initiated by the kings of the Naga Dynasty is worshipped not only by the Buddhists but by the Hindus as well. When Lumbini was visited by Ashoka, the Emperor, in 249 BC, it was a prosperous village. The stone pillar with a horse on its top and the four stupas which we come across on our visit to Lumbini was built by him during this period . From the inscription on the Stone Pillar we can also derive the information that it was during this visit that taxes were reduced on the village and it was subjected to only eight parts. (Insoll, 66) However despite being one of the stalwarts in Indian History, Lumbini was subjected to negligence for several centuries till the time a famous German archeologist while traveling around the foothills of the Churiya range discovered the great pillar in the year 1895 . His name was Feuhrer. At a later stage the existence of a Brick temple and a sculpture of sandstone carrying images of Buddha’s birth was found. After further exploration it was found that the temple of Maya Devi was possibly built on one of the Ashokan stupa itself . On the south of this temple is a bathing pool named Puskarni which is considered to be sacred and the pages of history reveal that in this pool Maya Devi took a bath before giving birth

Illegal immigration and its impact on the economy Essay

Illegal immigration and its impact on the economy - Essay Example It has become a matter of debate and study as it relates considerably to the nation’s politics as well as economy. At the centre of this debate is the question of whether illegal immigrants are good or bad to the economy of the United States (Dudley 18). Various studies have shown that a great number of the United States’ citizens hold the opinion that illegal immigrants are bad for the nation’s economy. However, there are those who believe that these illegal immigrants are good for the economy. Several surveys show that there is a consensus among many economists that both legal as well as illegal immigration is good for the economy seeing that it provides cheap labor; it gives net boost to the economy; it reduces the cost of goods and services; in addition to widening the market for goods and services (Kenney 23). This paper will discuss illegal immigration and its impact on the economy. There has been divided public opinion regarding the impact of illegal immig rants on the United States economy. There are those who believe that illegal immigrants are good for the economy and there are those who believe that they are bad for the economy. ... refore be deduced that the debate on the impact of illegal immigrants revolves around the way in which they expand the national economy and how they, on the other hand, cost the government and increase public expenditures (Dudley 20). In general, illegal immigrants are defined as all individuals who are foreign-born and are non-American citizens and who are not the legal residents of the nation. Illegal immigrants are those individuals who are either admitted temporarily into the country and stay beyond the required duration or those who enter without inspection (West 427). As earlier mentioned, illegal immigration has been a matter of debate and study for a long time across the world and especially in the United States, which records the highest number of illegal immigrants. This subject has attracted a lot of attention because of the great impacts it has on the economy, politics, as well as the social aspects of any given society (Dudley 25). Illegal immigration has had considerabl e impacts on the economy of the United States. Throughout the history of the United States, illegal workers have played a very crucial role in the economy. While economists agree that there are many economic benefits associated with illegal immigration, they also agree that illegal immigration has many burdens to the economy (Nadadur 1037). This has caused division among policy makers on whether illegal immigration laws should be enforced and illegal immigrants punished or whether illegal immigrants should be given amnesty. Numerous studies on the impact of illegal immigration on the economy have found out that there are evident benefits of illegal immigration on the economy. One of the reasons attributed to this proposition is that illegal immigration supplies labor to industries at a

Faith, Reason and the University Memories and Reflections Essay

Faith, Reason and the University Memories and Reflections - Essay Example Christians are called upon to embrace the need of celebrating the achievements which have been brought through modernity by securing such achievements in grounding them to become more coherent and comprehensive through the understanding of human rationality. The lecture is not only brilliant and breathtaking but also very intelligible to some of the ordinary minds. This all not only addresses the heart of modernism but also to the Islamic societies and communities. Not acting in accordance with reason is deemed contrary to the nature of God and this is central to the Christianity as emphasized by Benedict XVI. God’s transcendence is not precluded by the openness of some of the divine concepts to examination by form of reason as illustrated by the early Christian rapprochement between the Greek inquiry and biblical faith. The expedition for reason over against myth is in existence as a dynamic in the two traditions as well as being accompanied by the various forms of enlightenment in each. During the late middle ages, the church brought about and reaffirmed the real analogy which existed between man and God. This was contrary to some of the arguments that it is only reason which can be taken as a reliable way of knowing God’s will, albeit that the Unlikeness of God is infinitely greater than his likeness. The de-hellenization of Christianity is continually highlighted by Benedict all through the modern age by the use of a long process using three stages. The first stage occurs in the reformation with the emphasis on sola scriptura which is followed by the liberal theology which occurs in the 19th century having its basis on the modern self-limitation of reason as Kant expresses and radicalized by the influence and impact of natural sciences. Benedict delves into the irony that even though the sciences explain the rational structure of matter, this total dependence on the prestige brought about by the scientific

Visit museum and discuss this photo with your own words Essay

Visit museum and discuss this photo with your own words - Essay Example This part of the wall has elaborate edges. Moving to the bottom of the picture, the room is well-carpeted. At the left side is a bookshelf filled with books. At the further back, there is an ornately-designed cabinet with a flower vase. A door is beside it with a cherubim carving on top, like an angel guarding its inhabitants. A chair could be near it with fur hanging on it, which seems to have a sinister face. The wall beside it has mirror or a painting. There is another cabinet with a flower vase. The centerpiece where the light falls is the drawing board. This must be a table for an architect, painter, or engineer. An unlit candle is beside the table. A small book is on it, on top of ruler or a long thin object, with a tiny man on top of it. He goes to the direction of the door. On the top of the room is an open roof with slightly dark clouds. It is a cloudy day, but the sun peeks from the left. It is the sun that provides light for the shadows inside the room. I chose this work because it shows openness that is critical to mindfulness. The sky and the sun are symbols of openness. Their entrance into the room removes the boundaries of the world. The clouds are a bit dark because to learn is a difficult task. The man coming out of the books means that, through knowledge, he is reborn. He has become more mindful of his identity and mission in life. The sun shines on him because his path is clearer. He goes to the door, where his destiny waits for him. The man is

Critical Analysis of The Abortion by Alice Walker Essay

Critical Analysis of The Abortion by Alice Walker - Essay Example He then throws the dice back at her by saying, â€Å"well, think about it†. For Imani, abortion is not an easy process to undergo, having lost most of her blood during her school days. Clarence tells her to think about what she wants to do with the baby; and the writer makes a mental statement that â€Å"it was all she did think about†. The man is seen as preoccupied with his job, even going to an extent of performing family duties, for instance, dropping his wife at the airport, with his boss by his side. Abortion is always known to be an issue when procured out of marriage, but this family carries its struggles to their home as Imani is tired of having more children since she needs to focus on her career. She cannot bear another child because her husband is not supporting her in handling family chores. It is told in the story that despite her weakness due to haemorrhage, she goes out of her comfort zones and struggles to bathe her child. Alice Walker is an award winni ng author, known for telling stories of human experiences in addressing issues of gender equality and social injustices. Thesis statement Having an unwanted pregnancy is a painful experience, and the woman bears the greatest responsibility in making decisions on termination or giving birth. In defending this thesis statement according to the story, the writer gives a lot of pointers to show how the man is a passive participant in this process. Clarence (Imani’s husband) is a young man, dedicated to the service of his boss who eats up most of his family time as he is the legal advisor to the mayor. â€Å"Clarence was dedicated to the mayor, and believed his success would mean security and advancement for all of them†. This statement shows the egocentric nature of these men in Imani’s life. Clarence is preoccupied with his career advancement concerns to such an extent that he mixes office duties with private life. Despite the writer exposing him as a responsible m an who works hard to fend for the family, this is not enough to keep a united home. Their matrimonial bed â€Å"is king sized with a forbidding ridge in the middle (Walker, p. 210).† The mayor is just a depiction of the mean nature of men; he does not notice Imani’s presence when they are in the dining table. He gives full concentration to Clarence, not even having a quick glance at his wife when she makes a point. Gender defined roles is brought to the fore since the mayor only gives her props when he acknowledges her meals and hairdo. This means that a woman’s role is restricted to the kitchen and within the domestic domains. On her abortion trip to New York, the mayor has scheduled a working lunch with her husband. This is so insensitive since the man is supposed to provide emotional support to the partner during such delicate times. In the car to the airport, they engage in talks about municipal funds; this could have provided the best opportunity for Claren ce to say last words with his wife as he is not accompanying her to New York. At the lounge, he tells her â€Å"take care of yourself†, as he walks away to a waiting car (Walker, p. 212). As she heads to take her flight, she makes a mental statement analysing what Clarence had just said: â€Å"taking care of myself, is what I have to do†. She had expected her husband to accompany her for the trip but it seems his mind was set on drafting municipality

International Affairs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

International Affairs - Essay Example Now when universities will not include international affairs program in their offered courses, how come grant makers would realize the need of funding in this area. That's why when we try to search universities offering postgraduate education in International affairs program; we mostly find public universities offering programs in this area. The second thing is that the grants are normally given to the people who are pursuing degrees in the field of science management and medicines since according to their perception they contribute directly to the development and well being of the country. There is not much realization among funding individuals and organization that international affairs programs hold key importance when it comes to serving country and people with the knowledge. But still there are some scholarships and funding programs which are open to almost all kind of studies and so for International Affairs program too such as FulBright scholarship program awarded by FulBright US. But they require some limitation for serving period after the completion of program. "An extensively details form is required to be filled in by the applicant with supporting original documents. These things are sent to the committee that examines the form look for the merit of the candidate and offer him or her scholarship if they find it appropriate" (FulBright, 2005). "Our goal is to establish an institute for international public policy. This institute shall conduct a program to significantly increase the numbers of African Americans and other under represented minorities in the international service" (Higher Education Act, 2003). But this grant is not directed towards the students rather they are given to the institutes and then students can contact those institutes for the scholar ships programs.Rotary International is another organization which has considerations towards this area and is offering tremendous support in the form of scholarships and fellowships to international affairs students. They are also offering their own developed programs for studies in this area such as Rotary Peace and Conflict Resolution Program. "Located in seven leading universities around the world, Rotary Centers provide Fellows the chance to study in a master's level program in conflict resolution, peace studies, international relations, and other related discipl ines" (Rotary, 2005). World Affair Council is also offering programs in International studies, both short term and long term, in partnerships with universities as well as self developed program. Their associations with United Nations' organizations enable them to offer program and scholarships students and professionals from all over the world (World Affairs Council, 2003). NAFSA, the association of international educators also provides grants, scholarships and training programs with the help of their member individuals and universities in the field of International studies. Along with that they also provide complete information and guidance in providing the students with the knowledge how to get a scholarship and grant available for

Measuring the success and the implementation of money laundering Dissertation

Measuring the success and the implementation of money laundering counter-measures - Dissertation Example In the early twentieth century, money laundering known as â€Å"dirty money† was seen primarily as a part of drug trafficking (or other criminal acts) where cash was deposited into banks with the express aim of transforming the proceeds from illegal acts into â€Å"clean† cash. In the last few decades, organised crime, which has come into being, is more sophisticated and global in nature, with even greater proceeds gained from the illegal activities. The term money laundering in the modern context, encompasses not only the aspect of ‘dirty money’ but also the act of ‘cleaning,’ or ‘masking,’ the proceeds from various criminal activities to make them seem legal; while at the same time new aspects on money laundering show clear links with global terrorism. Many of the new counter measure initiatives have a greater focus on the financial perspective of crimes and on determining criminal assets, to allow confiscation. There is also an increasing focus on the financial trails, which tend to link the main criminals with particular acts of crime. Such stringent measures have turned many of the countries as unsafe locations for the criminals, to ‘clean’ their money or lead a luxurious life with no apparent source of income. This paper will briefly explore the various aspects of money laundering, while examining in detail of some of the measures currently in use to counter money laundering, globally and locally, and analysing the extent of success in implementing these anti-money laundering measures. 1 Introduction â€Å"There are few other examples in history of mankind that so dramatically illustrate such concerted effort to denounce and discourage a practice which even a few years ago was neither understood not for that matter necessarily considered improper†(B. Rider, 1997, â€Å"Editorial†). 1.1 Background history Money laundering even a few decades back was not clearly understood, far less being considered as an act of criminality. It gained notoriety only during the last two-three decades when we find that the international community brought in various laws and policies as measures to counter the money laundering (van Duyne, 1998). It was during this time that many scholars turned their attention to this issue, leading to a large number of studies on the topic. While there have been many researches on the subject of criminal money laundering, a majority of the studies mainly deal with evaluating the extent of the money that is involved in the entire process, globally, that is, the nature of researches being primarily quantitative in nature. These studies with their quantitative analyses tend to provide an abstract perspective of the issue of money laundering, with no detailed information on the impact that such criminal activities have on the socio-economic and legal aspects of a country, at the national and global levels. These studies, which view only the figu rative extent of money laundering, deliberate primarily on the various processes adopted by the criminal organisations to escape surveillance, thus removing focus from other

The Waco Crisis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

The Waco Crisis - Case Study Example The objectives of the research are to be able to access views of different groups on the issue as well as on the beliefs of David Koresh and his followers. The social context that deals with the logic of the government during that time specifically the fact that no individuals or organizations have the intent for arsenal and harm of terror and destruction to the people, is also one of the main constraints in the study undertaken and presented. In addition, the analysis of the research revolves around the conflicts of the different parties that are involved specifically the government, members of the religious organization of David Koresh and the different agencies of the government that are involved in the crisis. The event is composed of a siege on the 28th day of February in 1993. The said incident transpired due to the aim of the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) to investigate the Branch Davidian ranch in Mount Carmel, Waco, Texas. The members of the group of the Davidians resisted the investigation. The authorities then found the need to pursue with other modes of action. The even then escalated to an exchange of gunshots. The result of the exchange of gunshots left four dead agents and six Davidians (Anthony & Robbins, 1997). The said event that was considered as the firs... From the prior event, the siege had been undertaken through April 19. The fire that concluded the attack killed sixty-six people and destroyed the compound. Included in the victims were 21 children and 2 pregnant women as well as the leader of the Davidian group Vernon Wayne Howell who is popularly known as David Koresh. The whole event is what had been known as the Waco Siege (Anthony & Robbins, 1997). The Waco Crisis can be considered as one of the most important examples that can be sited in terms of conflict analysis. To be able to determine and analyze the situation it is important to consider different background information related to the Waco City and the event. A. The History of the Davidians in the Waco City The main focus is related to the Branch Davidian Seventh Day Adventist Church which was led by David Koresh. The said group had been established in 1930 in Los Angeles, California which is a group that separated from the Seventh Day Adventist. The site located in the Waco City has been chosen due to the significance of Mount Carmel in the Bible. The main structure that housed the group is composed of a wooden edifice that functions for the different needs of the group such as administrative and storage (Anthony & Robbins, 1997; The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2004). The group is living in the area on the belief that the apocalypse is about to take place and for that matter they are getting themselves ready. Basically that time, those who had not establish a home in the area stayed on temporary shelters and even different forms of vehicles. The properties that the member owned are sold prior to the believed apocalypse. The background of the Waco City can be considered essential in the determination of the events that had

Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Hinduism Essay The belief of the existence of a supernatural being has always been there since time immemorial. People have a common belief that there exists a super being that has more power than an ordinary being and that this being deserves to be respected and adorned. It is because of this reason that there are many religions. Religions are groups of people who share a common faith. There are many religions in the world today but the most common are Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. The focus of this paper is Hinduism as a religion and more importantly what makes it a religion, now that it lacks a uniting belief (Kim.  1998). Hinduism ranks third among the largest religions in the world. It is estimated that in the world today there are about eight hundred and 20 million followers of this particular religion. This is a big increase in terms of followers in comparison to a few years back. Hinduism is also considered as one of the most organized yet the oldest religion in the world. This not withstanding Hinduism has been described by many theologians as not being a full-fledged religion in terms of composition as there are some components the religion lacks (Axel. 2004). Unlike other religions Hinduism does not have a universal founder. While Islam is believed to have been found by Prophet Muhammad who was sent by Allah, Christianity was founded by Jesus who was sent by God. This is however not the case in Hinduism as there is no particular person who is the founder of this faith. Hinduism as a religion also lacks a specific holy book as there is a Bible in Christianity and a Quran among the Muslims. There is also not a centralized system of authority and the concept of a prophet being sent by a supreme being is non existent in Hinduism. Hinduism also lacks a system of theology that is specific as it the case with other religions (Gavin. 1996). Hinduism had never been considered as a religion for many years for lack of these major components that make up a religion. However, as years went by due the large numbers that this faith was claiming it was now ranked among the three major religions in the world. Hinduism has instead been viewed more as a way of living than as a religion. While other religions, Christianity for instance are a group of people with the same kind of faith, Hinduism is made up of various religions where people profess different faiths. These different faiths have their origin in India and with gradual evolution they have led to the growth and development of Hinduism as a religion (Axel. 2004). Hinduism is very much bent on the beliefs of an individual on what is right as opposed to worshipping a supreme being. Although Hinduism is one of the oldest faiths of the world, it lacks unification and many people have always considered as a lesser religion or better still an organized group of faithful as opposed to a religion. Looking at the definition of a religion it is in order to conclude that Hinduism is not a religion but instead a well organized form of faith. The concept of God lacks in this form of faith and the shepherd who is usually the clergy in other religions acts like a mere guideline to other members of the society. Hindus have no one particular God to who they give worship and praise. Instead they have an array of gods who are represented by idols. Hinduism has been described as one of the most tolerant religions in the world where freedom of worship is granted to the faithful of the religion. For instance a Hindu faithful needs not frequent the temple so as to be considered righteous. Instead following the rules of the religion is considered enough (Gavin. 1996). Something major to note is that all; gods in the Hindu religion are not divines as is the case in other religions. While in Islam and Christianity, God is divine, in Hindu, their gods are artificially made and are mainly represented by animals especially cows. However the Hindu religion has one major strength and this is the manifestation of the religion. While in many religions this aspect does not always come out strongly, in Hinduism manifestation is considered as part of the daily routine (Gavin. 1996). In conclusion it is correct to argue that Hinduism is only considered a religion and indeed one of the major religions of the world mainly because of the mass following it has and not because of its composition. It has however been able to grow over the years and has found its place in the world and is now ranked third among the main religions.

Role of Hospitality Related Organizations

Role of Hospitality Related Organizations AC 1.3 Assess the role of hospitality related organizations and professional bodies. This research is about the role of the hospitality related organizations and the professional bodies involved, it will also state the role of hospitality related organizations and professional bodies in the UK like the People 1st, British Hospitality Association, Institute of Hospitality and British Institute of Innkeepers, Springboard UK. An assessment of the role of the listed hospitality organization and professional bodies will be made then a conclusion will be drawn to about the above mention. Listed below are the roles of four hospitality related organizations and the professional bodies: People 1st Work with employers to implement solution to increase performance via people. Act as a means of accreditation for colleges and training providers to certify their training programs. People 1st support regional and local bodies growth plans, from destination organizations to councils and local enterprise partnerships (LEPs) says people1st.co.uk Helps with job opportunities and information (people1st.co.uk) British Hospitality Association Implement new polices that create new jobs. 5|Page Contribute to export earnings. Creates a competitive advantage for the UK. (British Hospitality Association, 2016) Institute of Hospitality Its an educational system which certifies students in all aspects of the hospitality sectors worldwide. Supports and approve the hospitality training. (instituteofhospitality.org) British Institute of Innkeepers Represent workers across the hospitality industry. Provide advice and support. Promote professional standards. (BII, 2016) Springboard UK Help youths to achieve their goal. Help people to find jobs. Promote hospitality and tourism. Provide learning outcome for teachers to make their classes Innovative. (springboard.uk.net) The hospitality industry is a very vast and growing industry with different sectors and millions of people working in it to make it function, organizations and professional bodies have been developed to help make this industry flow by engaging in training and certifying activities and to be the back-bone supporter of the people working in the industry. Some of these organization are springboard UK, British Institute of Innkeepers, Institute of Hospitality, British Hospitality Association and People 1st.The springboard UK is responsible for influencing the young people to achieve their goals and to help people of all ages to be employed, they also promote the hospitality and tourism industry (springboard.uk.net). Springboard UK is important as it act as a haven for not only young people bout all  ages so they can have a second chance. British Institute of innkeepers act as a union to support, help and give advice when every they need it, this body is exceptional because the workers need someone to help voice their opinion and problems (BII, 2016). Institute of hospitality is a charity organization that help people to be certified in any sector of their choice doing this promotes the hospitality industry and helps people who cant afford to attend a hospitality school (instituteofhospitality.org). Peoples 1st roles are to increase performance also act as a means of accreditation for hospitality schools doing this helps with job opportunities because upon hiring, companies want to know that the person they are hiring are well accredited (People1st.co.uk, 2016)). Conclusion In conclusion, the role of the organization and professional bodies are very much important to both the industry and the people and it plays a major role in the UK hospitality industry, with helping with job opportunities, training, accreditation for schools also being the voice of the people put it a set above, thus making this very vast industry more manageable.

Lexis Treatment in Language Teaching

Lexis Treatment in Language Teaching Part 1. Examine the treatment of lexis in two course-books. How are the items introduced, practised and tested? Take into account the authors intentions and illustrate your account by close reference to one unit/chapter from each book â€Å"we need to see English language teaching as located in the domain of popular culture as much as in the domain of applied linguistics.† (Pennycock, 1998, p162 cited in Harmer, 2001, p94) For the purpose of this essay, lexis is defined simply as the words that make up a language. It includes all levels from morphemes to lexical phrases (Nattinger, 1988 cited in Harmer, 2001. It also includes the manner in which we ‘recast’ and reframe words with those that are similar, equivalent or alternative in order to fix, or negotiate (McCarthy, 1990), our understanding of the meaning. The two selected course texts, Cutting Edge (Cunningham Moor, 2004) and Matters (Bell, Gower Cunninham, 1998) both integrate elements of a lexical syllabus into their approach. In the following two sections – Module 8 of Cutting Edge and Unit 6 of Matters (see Appendix 1) – lexis is introduced and expanded through a number of methods. Whilst Cutting Edge expounds an engage- practise activate style (Harmer, 2001) of learning cycle (see Walmsley, 1979 cited in Els et al for a exploration of unit based teaching cycles), both combine a discovery learning style with more traditional grammatical constructs. For example, Unit 6 of Matters is entitled Are You Green?. The subject area is the natural world and the subheading is the environment. The language focus of the unit is: â€Å"†¦sentence structure, in particular defining relative clauses (sometimes known as identifying or restrictive clauses); clauses of purpose and clauses of result and  reason.† (Matters, Bell Gower, 1998, Unit 6) This unit introduces a range of vocabulary and contextualises both its language style and content initially through a magazine article. These are then expanded through an intentionally inflammatory ‘interview’. The exercises, although sometimes appearing initially divorced from the previous exercise, conform to a learning cycle approach. They relate to earlier learning as well as serving to re-enforce the meaning of the vocabulary and its contexts. The focus on relative clauses, as with lexical phrases, aims at acquiring a familiarity that enables the students to specific forms more naturally and correctly. In both texts, the material is introduced through oral presentation, discussion, reading and written work. Brainstorming serves t is similar to Greens (1993) word wall in that it provides the vocabulary and offers the opportunity for visual and oral re-enforcement. Cutting Edge has a Language Focus Section. This follows the same practise of building language familiarity through building ‘comparisons and talking about similarities’ (Cunningham Moor, 2004). Both use individual pictorial comparison followed by group discussion to re-enforce vocabulary and make connections to specific situations. As with Matters the same language is used in several formats – a listening and a reading activity. It is worth nothing that both texts recognise how age and culture affects the contexts of a lexicon. Matters warns that: ‘ In multinational classes, be careful: not all countries have the same level of sympathy for and awareness of environmental issues and scientific jargon’ (Bell Gower, 1998, Introduction). They acknowledge that, as Bowerman (1978) states, ‘Lexical rules are language – and culture – specific.’ (cited in Larsen-Freeman Long, 1991). However, both programs aim to move a student away from lexical over-generalisations (Backhouse, 1994) and increase depth of knowledge and breadth of vocabulary. Backhouse (1994) relates lexical development to intra and extra – lingual processes ie the â€Å"semantic relations which hold between lexical items in a given language.† (p.19) and the â€Å"paradigmatic relations† or the specific fields that define meaning within that context. Assessment of student understanding looks at how individuals develop vocabulary around a subject area through discussion, class response and exercises. In essence, it appears that both texts use a ‘field theory’ approach that allows for lexical compartmentalisation and a hyponomic (see McCarthy, 1990, p19) focus on developing associated meanings (Carter McCarthy, 1988). However, they do not limit themselves to associating specific vocabularly within specific fields. â€Å"Lexical phrases or ‘language chunks’ are like prefrabricated building units.† (Lewis, cited in Harmer, 2001, p.21) Part 2. How effective is the treatment of lexis in the two chosen units for a group of learners with whom you are familiar? What changes would you make in using these units with the learners you have identified? Class Profile This class consists of seventeen males and five females, all L1 Arabic speakers. They come from six countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa. It is an intermediate level class. 30% are students, 40% are supervisory/managerial levels of employees in Government departments or from private businesses. 20% are self-employed private businessmen and the remaining 10% are homemakers. The age range is 20-58 years. They are currently about half way through a twenty week English course. Whilst the treatment of lexis in the two chosen units is efficient and effective, it does benefit from some individual tailoring towards the above class. For example with some of the students I would perhaps encourage a move towards a more self directed learning plan (Pemberton et al, 2001). Others need more scaffolding. I have also tried to cater for learning styles so that a variety of exercises are supported by a variety of materials and presented in more than one way. I have not simply repeated specifics, but changed the way they are communicated. Clearly, cognitive tools vary according to each individual and the situation so no assumptions should be made (see Papademetre Scarino, 2000 for an exploration of class and culture) based on ones own parameters. However, the attached are two lesson plans that I have adapted to suit this class. These are adapted to work on this classes particular understanding of certain collocations. Common patters are re-iterated: verb + noun (fly a kite) adjective + noun (a light snowfall) adverb + verb (to boldly go) adverb + adjective (totally different) adjective + preposition (similar to) noun + noun (a collocation dictionary) (adapted from http://www.eli.ubc.ca/teachers/lexicon.html) However, as Schmitt 2000) and Thornbury (1999) both stress, idioms, idiomatic phrases and expressions – especially those with different meanings are further developed. The aim is to provide the students with an all round lexical confidence supported by a good knowledge of vocabulary as well as lexical phrases. Where specific lexical approaches have been used, they are mentioned in the lesson plans and sequences. Class of 22. Level Intermediate 02 TITLE: ARE YOU GREEN? Adapted from Matters- Intermediate (Bell Gower, 1998) Unit 6 Date 31st January 2006 Lesson duration 60 minutes Resources: handouts, cassettes, audio-player, white-board, OHP and transparencies Course text books Lesson Aims: Reading skills: magazine article on the ‘ungreen’ Moore family Comprehension check. Vocabulary and pronounciation skills Develop familiarity with colloquial and informal spoken and written English. Develop language for use both in and out of classroom. Develop language around a major current topic – environmentalism – that is widely relevant Awareness of word fields Contribute to discussion Contribute to brainstorming sessions Work independently with confidence Work confidently with lexical variations eg the ‘schwa /?/ Familiarisation with colloquial English publications (newspaper, magazines, journal excerpts etc) Contact with everyday English Teacher modelling Raise student awareness eg of pronounciation and meaning changes through stress syllabuls. Phrasal words Language ‘chunking’. Awareness of expression and collocations, their usefulness and frequency Develop OHP transparencies or posters of mind maps and word fields Anticipated Problems problems with reading new vocabulary technical problems eg OHP, audio-player timetable fit have a ‘hit list’ of potential problem words and definitions ready elicit and drill (time allowing) problem words where possible encourage students to develop a ‘power word’ list (Cary, 2000) of their own. Have English/Arabic dictionaries ready but use to note and refer to later Stand-by handouts if OHP fails Stand-by audio player Ensure good time keeping 19.00 19.05 19.05 19.15 19.25 19.30 19.35 19.45 19.50 20.00 Introduction and warm up. Small talk, humour or anecdotes etc Elicit the word green and discuss culturally specific colour associations eg in the UK blue can mean sad, yellow cowardice, red danger and green innocence, jealousy or environmental issues. Discuss and support with modelling and writing on white board. Lexically this exploration of meanings associated with colour will help students understand language extension, engage through subject matter, encourage higher order thinking and build vocabulary necessary for the lesson. Pairwork. Set the theme: two environmental problems facing the world presently ie global warming, loss of wildlife and habitiat etc. Elicit words and write on board. Set students to work together on this. The connotations associated with environmental issues eg wildlife, habitat loss, global warming are real and relevant to most students. This exercise requires students to develop a lexical framework to support both facts and opinions and know which areas they wish to find more language to fill. Ask students if in their countries they have an equivalent of the Green/Environmental Party? Explain what the Greens are and stand for. Set a discussion of this again in pairs. This has the same lexical aim as the previous section. Display a picture or poster of the Green Party on the white board. In pairs of threes read Are these people criminals? When finished reading, complete the exercise matching the paragraph number with the figure or object on the right of the page (see appendix 1) Read through the answers with the students. Matters, p42/43. Set exercise 2 p.43. to do individually or in pairs. Lexical rationale – aim for students to use and apply new language. Go through answers a to e with the students, giving a verbal explanation of each and support on the white board. Ask students to work in pairs and make a list of verbs on handouts eg: save, recycle, buy, ban, use, prevent. Show the students how these can be used in collocations and phrasal words from the text. Lexical rationale – starting to extend vocabulary into actions associated with environmentalism and using a discursive exercise to encourage their recognition and usage. Handouts Set exercise 3, a practise in relative clauses, and give out handouts. Students read through the test and complete it. Go through the answers with students answering one by one. Lexical rationale – aims towards students developing referencing skills by looking up words either individually or in pairs. Listening and speaking skills: pronounciation focus on the schwa. Students listen to the recording and take notes. Go through the exercise marking the syllables and stress in word pronounciation. Go through the answers on the white board. Lexical rationale – as part 1 explored, pronounciation and stress hightens student awareness of how intonation affects meaning. Second tape recording. Listen to the second recording and go through the rubric with the students. Students give answers back around the class and then practice in pairs the sentences in exercise 2. Matters p.45. Lexical rationale – extension of pronounciation focus. Wordspot focus. A lexical exercise to recap, re-iterate and re-enforce. FINISH. Issue handouts of target text. Put a transparency of the â€Å"Something† word-field flow chart on the OHP. Divide the students into A’s and B’s. A reads the instructions on p.135 and B on p138. (answering each others questions.) Issue handouts f the word-field for homeword and ask students to add at 4-5 new phrases with ‘something’ in them. Follow up first thing next lesson. Develops autonomous lexical growth at students own rate of learning ie with no time pressure Class of 22. Level Intermediate 02 TITLE: Adapted from Cutting Edge – Intermediate (Cunningham Moor, 2004) Module 8 Date 04th February 2006 Lesson duration 60 minutes Resources: handouts, cassettes, audio-player, white-board, OHP and transparencies, Course text books Lesson Aims: To reinforce reading and listening skills To reinforce comprehension. Vocabulary and pronounciation skills Develop familiarity with colloquial and informal spoken and written English. Develop language for use both in and out of classroom. Awareness of word fields Contribute to discussion Contribute to brainstorming sessions Work independently with confidence Establish preparation for next class Reading and listening exercises Vocabulary building exercises Excerpts taken from Cutting Edge follow on from previous reading and listening exercises but focusing on how to use words (nouns, verbs, adjectives) in phrases and collocations used in everyday English Teacher modelling Phrasal words Language ‘chunking’. Awareness of expression and collocations, their usefulness and frequency Develop OHP transparencies or posters of mind maps and word fields Set grammar/language points, p44 (Matters), for home work reading (using scanning and familiarisation) in readiness for the next class Anticipated Problems Some problems with reading and pronounciation problems with reading new vocabulary technical problems eg OHP, audio-player timetable fit have a ‘hit list’ of potential problem words and definitions ready elicit and drill (time allowing) problem words where possible encourage students to develop a ‘power word’ list (Cary, 2000) of their own. Have English/Arabic dictionaries ready but use to note and refer to later Stand-by handouts if OHP fails Stand-by audio player Ensure good time keeping Rationale for lesson focus Students need to practice their reading, listening and speaking skills more. They need to further their informal vocabulary In the previouse lesson (Are you Green?) issues were featured and discussed at some length. This lesson aims to restore a balance and put into perspective the alternative view featuring some of the benefits of the modern world so it is not always perceived as a wholly negative experience as can be construed by ‘Green/Environmentalist’ action groups. This could be important to avoid confusion in some students minds. (The fact that alternative opinions exist regarding the controversy surrounding this subject across the world. Timing 19.00 19.05 19.10 19.15 19.20 19.25 19.30 19.40 19.55 20.00 Introduction and warm up. Go over points from previous lesson. Small talk, humour or anecdotes etc (if time permits!) Review homework exercises concerning phrases and collocations from ‘Something.’ Appoint one student to write the answers on to the chart of white board. Go around the class an dget their answers and their explanations from each student. Tell students to note down answers. Brief review of work then move on. Flip chart of ‘somethings’ word-filed attached to white board. Focus and elicit upon the words inventor and successful. Get associated words too – invent, invention, succeed from the students. Ask students to predict/guess what kind of advice/information will be found in the text from comparing pictures on the left to those on the right. Handouts. Issue reading excerpts ‘How to be a successful inventor.’ Tell students to scan through the reading in 2-3 minutes. Read text individually. (Cutting Edge Teaching notes and coursebook.) Check for understanding especially words and phrases like light bulb, to be patient, purpose, to understand the porential of something, a dot, a s screen, a button, a know. Lexical rationale – re-enforcement of vocabulary plus the added re-pronounciation of read words, explanation of phrases indicates a development allowing for lexical phrases as well and comparative meanings. Put the answers on the OHP and go through these one by one. Handouts and transparency. Group work. Set students to discuss this task in groups of four or five. Apoint one from each group and get their feedback in turns. Listening and vocabulary skills (Cutting Edge, p.81) Handouts. Pronounciation and pair work. Emphasise with the students beforehand that they only have to identify which machines are being discussed in the tape. Do one example for the students in A. Press tehbutton down then play cassette 1 stopping after each phrase is used to check answers. Discuss the answers to B in pairs. Pair work. Set task 3, p81. Give students a few moments to think it over, preferably ones their partner is unfamiliar with students can draw it to explain it to the, Use examples each student is familiar with personally. Go around the class helping and prompting as needed. Explain using examples what a compound noun is. Go through the two rules – noun + gerund and gerund/noun + asdjective on the whiteboard. Repeat a couple of examples showing where the stress is to be found in both words ie laptop computer. Etc Lexical rationale – as covered in part 1, stress is extremely important for realisation of language variability and meaning. In this case the lexicon is integrated with a grammatical function. Pair work and individual response help to focus students on the task in reinforce the lanaguage learning. Give the students a little time to work this out then play cassette 2. Listen and practise pronouncing the words before giving out the answers to the pronounciation task. Set home work task (reading to familiarise only) Cutting Edge p81 handout. FINISH read ahead of time p44, Unit 6, Matter’s Intermediate Unit 6. Go over again also the reading and pronounciation work taught in class today in preparations for the next lesson’s review of this. Check students again for clarification and understanding of these. References Backhouse, A.E. (1994) The Lexical Field of Taste: a semantic study of Japanese taste terms. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Bell, J., Gower, R. Cunningham, G. (1998) Intermediate Matters. Harlow, Essex: Longman. Carter, R., McCarthy, M. (1988) Vocabulary and Language Teaching. Harlow, Essex: Longman. Cary, S. (2000) Working with Second Language Learners: answers to teachers top ten questions. Portsmouth, USA: Heinemann Cunningham , S. Moor , P. (2005) Cutting Edge – Intermediate (14th Impression) Harlow, Essex: Pearson English Language Teaching, Longman. Green, J. (1993) The Word Wall: teaching vocabulary through immersion. Ontario, Canada: Pippin Publishing Ltd. Harmer, J. (2001). The Practise of English Language Teaching. Harlow, Essex: Longman Krause, K., Bochner, S., Duchesne, S. (2003) Educational Psychology for learning and teaching. Southbank, Victoria: Thomson. Lewis, M. (1993) Implementing the Lexical Approach. UK: Language Teaching Publictions Larsen-Freeman. D., Long, M (1991) An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Research. Harlow, Essex: Longman McCarthy, M. (1990). Vocabulary. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Papademetre, L. Scarino, A. (2000) Integrating Culture Learning in the Languages Classroom: a Multi-perspecitive Conceptual Journey for Teachers. Melbourne, Australia: Language Australia Pemberton, R., Toogood, S., Ho, S. Lam, J. (2001) Approaches to advising for self-directed language learning. In Learner Autonomy (Leni Dam, Editor) The AILA Review 15, pp. 16-26 Schmitt,N (2000) Vocabulary in Language Teaching. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Thornbury, S (1999). How to Teach Vocabulary Harlow, UK: Longman Websites Parallel Processing. JamesL.McClelland TimothyT.Rogers. Accessed 7 February 2006. http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v4/n4/abs/nrn1076_fs.html;jsessionid=98854A4BE16819AEB3B2C4220B9A470D Lexicon http://www.eli.ubc.ca/teachers/lexicon.html accessed 9 February 2006

european painting and sculpture :: essays research papers

European Painting and Sculpture The collection of European painting and sculpture comprises works of art from the twelfth through the early twentieth century. Ranging from paintings in oil on panel, canvas, or onyx through sculptures in alabaster, bronze, terra-cotta, marble, wax, silver, and painted wood, these works of art come primarily from Italy, France, Spain, the Low Countries (Holland and modern Belgium), Germany, Austria, England, and Switzerland. The collection of European painting and sculpture can be found on the first and second floors of the Ahmanson building and in the B. Gerald Cantor Sculpture Garden. It includes masterpieces of European art from the Middle Ages through impressionism and the followers of Rodin. Renowned for an outstanding representation of Italian baroque paintings as well as for world-famous masterpieces like Georges de La Tour’s Magdalen with the Smoking Flame (c.1638–40), Rembrandt’s Raising of Lazarus (c.1630), Degas’s The Bellelli Sisters (1862–64), and Cà ©zanne’s Sous-Bois (1894), the collection also boasts paintings by Jacopo Bellini, Rosso Fiorentino, Veronese, Titian, Frans Hals, Rubens, Boucher, Fragonard, Hubert Robert, Tiepolo, Delacroix, Monet, Pissarro, and Gauguin among others. The sculpture collection is shown integrated with the paintings. The museum displays the only collection of medieval sculpture in Southern California and is famed for its Renaissance and baroque polychrome sculptures. Of particular note are the French eighteenth-century terra-cottas, with examples of the work of Tuby, Clodion, Chinard, and Pajou. The nineteenth century is richly represented with sculptures by David d’Angers, Rude, Carrier-Belleuse, Dalou, Falguià ¨re, and above all, Auguste Rodin, to whom an entire gallery is devoted. A selection of approximately 150 medals, from the Renaissance through the 1930s, is a representative group from the 1300 medals and plaquettes in the collection. GEORGES DE LA TOUR atopatop (France, 1593–1652) Magdalen with the Smoking Flame, c. 1638-40 Oil on canvas 46 x 36 1/8 in. (116.8 x 91.8 cm) Gift of The Ahmanson Foundation, M.77.73 Although Georges de La Tour spent his entire artistic career in provincial France, far from cosmopolitan centers and artistic influences, he developed a poignant style as profound as the most illustrious painters of his day. In his lifetime his work appeared in the prominent royal collections of Europe. La Tour's early training is still a matter for speculation, but in the province of Lorraine he encountered the artist Jean Le Clerc, a follower of the Italian painter Caravaggio. From this source likely came La Tour's concern with simplicity, realism, and essential detail. Mary Magdalen was traditionally depicted in her grotto or as an aged woman.

Automatic Fire Sprinkler System Essay -- Sprinklers History Technology

The automatic fire sprinkler system was one of the earliest sprinkler systems placed into effect. The origin of the modern day automatic sprinkler system dates back to the early 1800’s. The first automatic sprinkler system was created in England in the 1806 by John Carey. It consisted of a pipe with valves held closed by counterweights attached by string. When flames burned through the string the counterweight dropped to the floor, which opened the valve that released the water and extinguished the fire. As the 1800’s progressed, the basic pipe system for sprinklers was becoming more prevalent across England. It began to pop up in textile mills all through out the country. In 1864, as sprinkler system use grew, Major Stewart Harrison of the 1st Engineer (London) Volunteers invented the first automatic sprinkler head. A few years later two gentlemen by the names of Henry Parmelee of Newhaven, Connecticut, and Frederick Grinnell of Providence, Rhode Island, added to the s prinkler head to give it a more practical application. Parmelee took the automatic sprinkler head and added to it a fusible link that broke at about 160oF. This allowed the system to control which heads broke so the whole system wouldn’t drown the whole structure in water, it would only release where there was sufficient heat to break a head. Grinnell invented a head that could withstand higher water pressures without break as well as distribute water more evenly. Each of these inventions increased the efficiency of the systems greatly. Now in today’s modern fire protection era, automatic sprinkler systems are used to protect everyday buildings around the world. It is most commonly in commercial use buildings. This includes but is not limited to schools, hospitals, ... ...dards and codes such as the NFPA or OSHA’s codes and standards. The automatic sprinkler system is the oldest and most widely utilized system in effect today. Through simple application of water onto a fire before it can grow it has saved countless lives and saved countless amounts of money in property and business. As its use grows in the commercial setting, it has also begun to grow in the residential setting. There are few areas that require automatic sprinkler systems in residential homes, but as they are proven to be safe, affordable, and effective, this will rapidly change. It will not be long before there is an automatic sprinkler system in every business as well as home. Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_system http://ezproxy.sunyocc.edu:2170/codesonline/ http://www.apifiregroup.com/firesprinkler/sprinkler-history.html

Trials of Howard Roarke :: essays research papers fc

THE TRIALS OF HOWARD ROARK I. INTRODUCTION There are some literary beginnings so well-known as immediately to call to mind the books in which they appear: â€Å"Call me Ishmael†;1 â€Å"It was the best of times. It was the worst of times†;2 and, increasingly, â€Å"Howard Roark laughed.†3 So begins the novel, The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand. Published in 1943, The Fountainhead continues to sell 100,000 copies a year.4 For millions it provides the introduction to a philosophical/social movement known as â€Å"Objectivism.† It has been suggested that Objectivism provided intellectual grounding for the decline of left-liberalism and the expanding influence of a libertarian shift in American culture.5 Yet despite its influence, the book has engendered scant academic attention6 and virtually no attention in the legal academy. In The Fountainhead, as in all of Rand’s mature fictional works, the law—more specifically, one or more trial scenes—figures prominently. Indeed, in all of them trials are essential elements of the plot development.7 Although Rand’s work is hardly unique in its use of the trial for dramatic purposes,8 it is distinctive in its use of the trial as illustrative of moral or philosophical principles.9 One would expect, therefore, that [431] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- at least in the philosophical literature of Objectivism, one would find discussion about the role and meaning of law; but one would be disappointed. Apart from occasional bromides about the importance of objective law, there is precious little, even in Objectivist literature, about law. Leonard Peikoff, Rand’s intellectual heir, has written what is perhaps the most systematic exegesis of Rand’s philosophy.10 The index to his book has no independent listing for â€Å"law†; it lists law only as a subhead of government, under the rubric â€Å"as requiring objective law.†11 His discussion consumes just a few pages and is devoted almost entirely to criminal law.12 The couple of paragraphs on civil law are devoted entirely to the law of contracts.13 Moreover, the treatment is incredibly superficial and seems to equate objectivity to particular concretes, as if abstractions could not be objective—a position one would think Rand would find antithetical to her philosophy, which placed a premium on the conceptual level of awareness.14 The other leading book length interpretations of Rand’s work also lack so much as an index entry for law.15 This essay is an attempt at filling the void in legal scholarship and Objectivist literature at the intersection of law and Objectivism. I do not attempt a comprehensive examination of the Objectivist view of law.

Sauna pants

The pants are simple to wear with adjust-ability in waists and thighs but still, since it has limited sizes to fit all types of body shape for both men and women, there are complaints grading inconvenience among users' reviews. You have the option to dial your desired temperature, but by sacrificing the moving-around due to the 4- inch cord. On the other hand, it is guaranteed 100% money back in 90 days after purchase for the relatively reasonable price $29. 99 – $39. 95 (compared to a standard sauna normally around $40-$60).No matter how promising this product may sound, if you wish to lose real weight this is not a desirable equipment. One deficiency is no clinical test or patent being mentioned; hence, skin irritations or other health-related problems like infertility are upon your own risk. Like how the claim ingeniously claims, the user just gets rid of some extra water weight, a small amount of weight that will be easily gained back during a re-hydration session. No musc le workouts or any kind of physical activities is needed while the real weight loss plan lies in the reduction of fat volume, leaving muscle and water remained.Same heating mechanism to accelerate water weight loss, we have another apparel item, the sauna suit. Unlike the sauna pants, the sauna suit â€Å"features high insulation and low water vapor permeability, due to the thickness and the lit-layered fabric design†, then serves as a major physiologic defense against overheating through sweating during vigorous physical activity, which makes it by far a more effective product in support of weight loss according to a research about sport bra and integral fitted sauna suit.Regarding the warm, relaxed treatment for soothing sore joints or tight muscles, it is just a temporarily relieved feel due to the heat, which a light intensity of exercise or a heating pad can do the same with far lesser cost. Legend the discussed understandings, would not use it for the sake of losing wei ght, nor commend it to anyone. This product is no use in any perspectives, also promotes laziness towards work-outs and unrealistic crave for healthy well- being with no effort.

Management, Organisations and People Module Report Essay

Introduction: The aim of this report is to provide an explanation to ‘Mimi Vasquez Hair and Beauty’ managers’ approach to leadership and go on to explore his relationship to his work group and how they have developed over time. It will first outline the methodology used to conduct this report and then go on to introduce the managers and workers and explain how their current work roles have developed over time. Subsequently, the report will provide an explanation to ‘Mimi Vasquez Hair and Beauty’ managers’ approach to leadership and go on to explore his relationship to his work group. To conclude the report, there will be a quick summary of what has already been mentioned and some limitations of the findings, methodology and related theories used in the report. The beauty salon which was named after its manager is privately owned and located in Chiswick in West London. In addition, it has two other branches located in Ealing and Hammersmith, both also within the West London area and owned by the same manager. All three of the beauty salons are relatively small in size making satisfactory profits and located just off the high streets in quieter areas. The first branch was opened in 1999 in Chiswick and the others followed on 5 years later, the Hammersmith branch being the newest. Method This report was conducted using both primary and secondary research. The primary research was collected directly from the manager and team members by interviewing them. By so doing, the research collected was new and wasn’t research that had already existed. Secondary research was collected through the use of books, the internet and articles and hence looking at existing data. Findings and discussion Behavioural theory As the manager, Mimi Vasquez, supervises and manages the overall performance of his staff and the business. His current work role is to analyse and recommend developing strategies on how to improve the quality of their services e.g. more speed and efficiency in cutting hair and accuracy with mixing colours of hair dye. These two examples are some of Mimi’s main targets and he wishes to have met these goals by July 2011. Mimi also examines ways to achieve his business goals of maximising profits and acknowledges that compensations and rewards have worked well in the past as they motivate and encourage staff to work better: Every year he elects 2 people as the most improved and most enthusiastic team members and rewards them in the form of bonuses and HMV vouchers. His work role also involves instructing his team members and allocating them to different parts of the salon when the day gets busy Moreover, this has played a great role in the development of Mimi’s leadership within the business. Yukl (2006, p5) defines leadership as- Leadership is the process wherein an individual member of a group or organization influences the interpretation of events, the choice of objectives and strategies, the organization of work activities, the motivation of people to achieve the objectives, the maintenance of cooperative relationships, the development of skills and confidence by member, and the enlistment of support and cooperation from people outside the group or organisation. Yukl’s definition very closely matches Mimi’s approach to leadership in the sense that it emphasizes the importance of ‘people skills’ and the social influence that leadership can have. One theory to provide evidence for this is the behaviour perspective. This theory claims that people become leaders because of what they do and this can be split into two different categories: task behaviour and relationship behaviour. Task behaviour places the main focus on the degree to which a leader emphasises productivity targets, goal accomplishments and maintaining standards. These behaviours can also be called ‘production-centred’ and it can be seen in Mimi’s leadership style when he uses HMV vouchers to motivate his staff to work harder and faster. Mimi has also said that rewards gave his staff an incentive to work and this played a crucial part in keeping them happy and full of energy, even towards the end of the day. Furthermore, relationship behaviour focuses on manager’s actions that show concern for their staff and their welfare as opposed to behaviours that concentrate on completing tasks. Although this contrasts to task behaviour, this can also be seen in Mimi’s leadership approach in the sense that he aims to improve his staff’s skills and help them gain more confidence in their job role. Trait perspective The controversy in defining leadership has enabled many different theories to be developed in an attempt to explain the meaning of a leader within a business or an organisation. Bratton (2010, p363) cited that ‘individuals who occupy leadership positions possess superior qualities or attributes compared with the traits possessed by non- leaders’. This view is known as the trait perspective and its’ theories such as the ‘great man theories’ focus mostly on positive characteristics such as stamina, intelligence and fluency in speech. Research in 1974 by Stogdill showed that socioeconomic factors also played a great role for example, very few corporate leaders had fathers who held a low class position or who were paid quite poorly. Stogdill also found that intelligence and fluency in speech were very closely related to leadership and used these traits to differentiate leaders from followers. He then concluded that there were ‘specific patterns’ of traits that occurred in some people which gave them an advantage when seeking a leadership position. Shabina and Mario also described their manager to hold very positive characteristics such as friendly, talkative, enthusiastic and organised and wasn’t like the other staff members at ‘Mimi Vasquez hair and beauty’ in the sense that he was much more determined. This therefore justifies why Mimi is a leader. In addition, research into ‘substitute’s for leadership’ claim that there should be a distinct difference between the leader and the followers in a business and there should be inflexible rules and formalized areas of responsibility in order to prevent the followers from being guided by their peers and replacing their existing leader. This would occur if the followers realized that their peers had the skills equivalent to their leader and they decided to follow them instead. Keith Grint (2005) also argues that successful leadership- Is not a list of innate skills and competences, or how much charisma you have, or whether you have a vision or a strategy for achieving that vision, but whether you have a capacity to learn from your followers. This again, provides evidence against the trait perspective stating that this is not what makes an effective leader. The shared/super leadership theory The founding of Mimi’s other branches, helped him gain experience which developed his role even further as he had to identify problems, make choices and provide alternatives actions to his initial plans. His role development throughout the years has been quite significant and his responsibilities have duplicated allowing him to improve his time management and organisation. Mario and Shabina are two team members of the salon who were also interviewed. Mario is a professional hair stylist whose work role involves restyling and cutting clients’ hair, dying, permanent hair straightening, Brazilian hair blow drying etc. His work role is crucial to the business as he has qualities and skills that require a lot of training and experience in order to gain. Mario’s work role has developed over the years as his experience has allowed him to move up the ladder in regards to the styles and haircuts he can confidently perform. The number of clients he reserves on a daily basis has also increased over the past 6 years of working at the salon showing an improvement in his abilities. He is now responsible for his own clients as before he would only deal with Mimi’s clients and help around. However, he is still in a lower position to Mimi and is usually responsible for making sure that Mimi’s clients are booked in for the dates and times they requested, making sure none of the time slots clash with one another. The Shared/super leadership theory suggests that excellent leaders are those who help their followers develop by acting as their teacher rather than keeping all of their knowledge to themselves. To add, Peter Senge(1990) also stated that ‘leaders are designers, stewards and teachers’ which supports the view. Mimi has constantly trained his team members, in particularly Mario and this also adds towards the statement that Mimi is an effective leadership. Fiedler’s leadership contingency theory Shabina is the only beautician at ‘Mimi Vasquez Hair and Beauty’ and her role involves taking care of her own customers and making her own bookings as well as offering all of the services; waxing, laser hair removal, threading, massages etc. Her role doesn’t involve anything to do with hair, and she works in her own room downstairs. However, Mimi is her manager also and so it is her responsibility to follow all of his guidelines and instructions. Her role has developed over the past 3 years as she first started out as an assistant, cleaning around and helping the beautician. She then worked her way up by gaining experience and qualifications and developed her role into a full-time professional beautician. Fiedler’s leadership contingency theory proposes that the effectiveness of the leader depends on whether the leadership style is matched with the followers and the environment. It is based on 3 main assumptions: 1) leader-member relations, which relate to whether the leader receives support, respect and trust of the followers; 2) task structure, which relates to how structured the tasks performed by followers are; 3) position power, which relates to the formal authority that the leader can exert through the use of punishment and rewards. This theory can explain Mimi’s leadership style as it explains why Mimi’s leadership is effective and hence how he has been able to successfully run the business for so many years. In relation to this theory, Mimi is placed to be known as a relationship-orientated leader and so it explains that his team members have been able to develop throughout the years because of his concern for them. The situational leadership theory Mimi’s relationship to his group is fairly hierarchical where he would force influence upon others to do something that they otherwise wouldn’t. This hair and beauty business is a good example as it shows how Mario takes responsibility for making bookings for both, his and Mimi’s clients. The group itself had developed over the years as they have slowly started to work as a team, helping each other and finishing each other’s jobs off when the salon gets busy. In 1999, manager Mimi’s Vasquez’s main roles were to simply open and close the salon, receive payments for the service provided and order raw materials such as; hair dye, scissors, wax etc. Now, with the growth of the business, all of the team members in the salon have developed their roles as they have had to cover for each other and enhance coordination skills. The situational leadership model is where the leaders’ leadership style depends on the maturity of the followers; it can explain that why Mimi trusts his staff to look after his salon whilst he is in a different branch. The friendly nature of the business also allows Mimi to be less formal and more flexible with rules and procedures. Bratton (2010, p.370) states that ‘Follower maturity is determined by the ability and willingness of the followers to accept responsibility for completing their work’. The fact that each team member has their own set of responsibilities proves that their levels of maturity are very high and hence can explain why Mimi’s rules are quite flexible, according to Mario and Shabina. Conclusion The report has explored Mimi’s approach to leadership using the behavioural, trait, shared/super leadership, contingency and situational theories and it can clearly be seen that leadership is not easily defined and its effectiveness isn’t easily measured. It has also outlined the work roles of the manager as well as the team members and explained how their roles have developed. To conclude, although the report gives a sense of idea of what Mimi’s leadership approach may be, in reality it is very hard to accurately describe using only one theory. Appendix Bratton, J. (2010) Work and organisational behaviour. 2nd edn, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Grint,K.(2005) Leadership: limits and possibilities, Basingstoke: Palgrave Senge, P.M.(1990) The Fifth Discipline. New York: Currency/Doubleday Yukl, G.(2006) Leadership in organizations.6th edn, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

The Chinese Three Gorges Programme Environmental Sciences Essay

Human world has put together great undertakings on this Earth of Earth, may it be building undertakings, IT related, direction based or sing any other field, work forces has excelled at every point and impression. To sort any set of activities as undertaking, one should foremost cognize what constitutes a Undertaking. Undertaking is a figure of activities targeted to accomplish a certain end, with the aid of limited resources, in a pre decided clip frame ( Kerzner, 1998 ) Many critics and experts have commented upon the sudden heaving of involvement in the filed of Project Management shown by the houses and particularly to the tallness that this rush has taken, that is beyond the boundaries of the conventional sectors of technology and different building related undertakings ( Sydow et al. , 2002 ) Just for case, have identified how immense and large organisations and companies are re-arranging into less interfering instead than being bureaucratic and seeking to go more ductile and lissome undertaking managing entities. Davies, Brady and Hobday ( 2006 ) suggested that houses and companies in all kind of concerns are reasoning that customary organizational formation and hierarchy, every bit good as subdivisions of runing units, trade divisions and units set up for continuing elevated degree of volume through arrangement of high quality goods and services and for deducing determinations in a relatively steady proficient and market state of affairs, are no longer sufficient. In the fast neutering and increasingly more unstable and obscure ambiance, today houses and concerns are happening that undertaking constitution of some kind is better suited to the type of probationary problems and gaps of opportunities that they have to manage. Others recommend that undertakings are acquiring liberally proportioned, more intricate and extended. Gradually more undertakings expand beyond the single administration or house. In add-on, there is cogent evidence of a more cosmopolitan dependance on undertakings, and besides that this widens beyond the confines of working life to a wider projectification of society The projectification of the public construct attempts to confine the colonization of a batch of note of life with undertaking associated doctrine, policy, methods and traffics, draw a bead oning to determine a new construct of undertaking clarity. ( Hodgson & A ; Cicmil, 2003. ) Undertaking of the Three Gorges Dam One of the greatest and successful undertakings handled and completed by the work forces on this Earth is Three Gorges Dam Project built on the Yangtze River in China. Sun Yatsen, a Chinese political leader foremost wished for building a H2O dike on the River of Yangtze in 1919 for the intent of power coevals, but the idea was put on clasp due to adverse political and economic fortunes. Major inundations resurrected the thought and the authorities adopted it in 1954 for inundation control. Therefore in the history of China Three Gorges Project has a polar topographic point. The undertaking produces electricity, gives protection against inundations, had increased the transportation paths which in bend had positive impact ; the undertaking has been of great talk and contentions at the same clip Some of the of import statistics of the Three Gorges Dam Project are given below Dimensions: 185 m ( 606 foot ) high and 1,983 m ( 6,500 foot ) wide Water Level Increase: The degree of H2O was intended to travel up in 2 stages ; by 2004 it will augment by 30 m to 125m ( 426 foot ) and by 2009 will raise another 50m to 175 m ( 575 foot ) Cost Estimate: In 1985, the sum estimated was predicted to relieve by 2 to 5 times, it was about 10 billion US dollars at that clip Financing: Beginnings of financess were different, some from Corporate Bond, others from loans from Bankss. Materials Used: It was record breakage, stuff used in Three Gorges Dam, that is 1.9 million dozenss or rolled steel, about lumber was 1.6 million and cement was 10.8 million dozenss. Construction Time period: 1993 – 2009 Land submerged: In a unsmooth figure there were 13 metropoliss, 657 mills. Towns that got submerged were 140 in figure and small towns were 1352 to be exact. Resettlement of Peoples: Resettlement was done in three phases, 1.3 million people around got relocated from twelvemonth 1997-2009. Energy Production: . It can cover around 11-15 % of Chinese population with around 84 billion KW hours produced every twelvemonth. ( Statistics collected from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imperialtours.net/3gorges_dam.htm ) Timeline of the Three Gorges Dam Project The great undertaking of the Three Gorges Dam started its building in 1992 with the blessing of the missive of building. The chief building of the dike started in the twelvemonth 1999. As this undertaking took 17 ( 17 ) old ages to acquire finished, therefore the figure of of import events and phases in this undertaking are mentioned below in a simple chart signifier. Gantt chart could non hold accommodated itself on the word papers. Jan.25th, 1999 The major building model of the Dam started in a proper manner. Sep.15th, 2000 The waterproofing of the 22 underside holes for recreation for the discharge of inundation was done. Dec.31st, 2001 The deposition of the concrete in the three gorges Dam was about 4.0638 million M3 ( regular hexahedron ) which was besides a universe record. May 1st, 2002 The Cofferdam was demolished after its intent was fulfilled which was to let a path of Yangtze River to spurt into the base of the Three Gorges Dam which guarded the entry into the chief Three Gorges Dam Project. Oct.21st, 2002 The building of embankment for the inundation discharge was completed Nov. 6th, 2002 The successful building of the recreation tunnel for the flow in the River of Yangtze was completed. Nov. 7th, 2002 The Three Gorges Dam Project entered into the piecing stage because the universe s largest turbine generator was successfully installed into the right place. May 30th, 2003 The three gaps and mercantile establishments meant for the inundation discharge were opened. June 1st, 2003 Five staged Ship locks and two manner lanes were activated and started their map of hive awaying H2O. June 16th, 2003 The five staged ship locks and the two manner lane were put into test of pilotage. July 10th, 2003 Another set of Power coevals unit was installed along with the grids and its started bring forthing electricity. Aug. 18th, 2003 The 3rd set of power bring forthing unit was connected and started bring forthing power. Nov. 22nd, 2003 The chief and the no.1 power unit was installed and configured and started electricity coevals Jan. 9th, 2004 The undertaking of Three Gorges Dam entered into the 3rd stage of Construction during which the largest ship lifter, the right bank of the dike, the power station was built which were universe s largest. Apr. 30th, 2004 Another no. 7 power coevals unit was connected with the left side of Power station and started operation. July 8th, 2004 The five staged ship locks and the two manner lanes were officially opened after traveling through the test period of pilotage July 26th, 2004 Another set up of the power coevals unit, no. 11 was installed and brought to functional degree. Aug.24th, 2004 Another set up of the power coevals unit, no. 08 was installed and brought to functional degree. Dec.28th, 2004 The electricity power works which supplies to the Shanghai starts its operations in the metropolis of Yidu in state of Hubei. Sep.16th, 2005 In one twelvemonth in front to the building agenda in bring forthing electricity, the Fourteen ( 14 ) Machgrs connected to the dike through side bank starts its operations. Feb.10th, 2006 The execution of the glade work at the underside of the dike started. March 29th, 2006 The formal building period of the dike started May 20th, 2006 With the support of human resource and pecuniary aid, the Three Gorges Dam was fundamentally completed. Sep 25th, 2007 The H2O degree had risen to 512 pess about, had passed the recession because of inundation and enters 2007. Oct.29th, 2008 All the hydropower bring forthing workss were put into actions and generated powers which in sum were 26 units. The last one being the no. 15 unit was besides installed into the right bank of the dike. This was the last of the power units to be installed in the dike Aug.29th, 2009 The 3rd stage of the Three Gorges Dam Project was checked and accepted, that was to raise the H2O degree to 175 metres, at the ideal tallness. Sep.15th, 2009 The full usage of the dike being flood control, H2O path, and power coevals, all was brought to working phase. ( Three Gorges Dam Timeline ) Purposes and Aims of Three Gorges Project While analyzing the benefits that would be derived from the completion of some undertaking, particularly undertakings like building a big dike, it is of import that its societal impacts should besides be studied before manus. For comparing the wakes of the undertakings it s vitally of import that the former societal state of affairs should be known. And by ciphering the possible hazard of ruins, societal impacts could be measured. There can be positive effects excessively ; those will be counted as benefits. The major purposes targeted through this undertaking were: Flood control Flood control was the first motivation for the Three Gorges Dam program. Chinese files demonstrated that 200 plus major inundations, on norm about one per every ten old ages, happened between 185 BC and 1900 AD. Floods had an impact on the economic system every bit good, the loss which took topographic point due to monolithic impact on the markets. ( Ministry of Water Resources of Peoples Republic of China, 1994 ) . The storage capacity of the TGD, that is 39.3 billion M3s, over half that was 22.15 billion M3 was fixed and was supposed to be used for inundation control, which permitted China to decrease the impact of lay waste toing inundations from degrees predicted one time every ten old ages to those predicted one time a century ( www.irn.org, 2004 ) . Power Coevals The 2nd but non less of import factor which was the ground for the building of this undertaking of Three Gorges Dam was the monolithic power production. The power supply in China has seen major short of supply in past few old ages and hence one of the main grounds for which the completion of this undertaking was anticipated was 18.2 million KW end products, which besides made this Dam as the largest power production unit in this universe. This addition in the China s electric supply will give a encouragement to the lifting growing degree of China s economic system. And in approaching old ages it is predicted that China s power supply will augment more. ( Albert,1998 ) Increase in Navigation The 3rd ground towards which this undertaking targeted and achieved was the addition in the H2O paths. The Three Gorges Dam allowed the Pacific Ocean watercourse into Chongquing metropolis. This addition in the navigability affected the economic system in a positive mode, conveying new opportunities of occupations, callings in the countries where economical encouragement was needed. ( Albert, 1998 ) Handiness of fresh H2O Last but non least, handiness of fresh H2O to the indigens in the nearby country for the intent of irrigation and cultivation every bit good as for the imbibing intent. The wages that will be gained from the Three Gorges Dam Project are of import and will hold lasting, constructive impacts on the economic system of China. From an economic point of position, the Three Gorges Dam is a dramatic, utile enlargement pick that in add-on has the chance to assist society in footings of security, well-being, and overall value of life. ( Marta & A ; Jordi, 2006 ) The production of energy in itself was such a immense factor that all the negative points against the building of Three Gorges Dam were neglected but however critics raised their voices and made some issues related to environmental jeopardies, cultural heritage, and population relocations etc. some of the negative impacts caused by the three Gorges Dam are discussed below. Control & A ; Distribution System Other Dams Chemistry for Stability Power Grid Pollution Generator No and Type Problem Silt Electric Resource Surrounding Geography Concrete Granite Cement Structural REQS Base Layer Stability & A ; Tectonic Plate Movement Dam Structure Reservoir & A ; Dam Weight Water Resource Deluging Stabilize Concrete Remission Water Quality Flood Control Lift/Lock Navigation Other Dams Irrigation ( Figure 1 A relational web map of the physical constituents of the dike undertaking ) Negative impact of the Three Gorges Dam Project The World Commission on Dams in their study have clearly said that buildings of really big dikes have negative affects on the environment. In their study of World Commissions on Dam, they have discussed some of the common jeopardies like consequence on the wildlife in woods, emanation of unsafe gasses like nursery gas, bad impact on marine life, formation of wetlands and inauspicious affects on the quality of H2O due to the accretion of H2O from different dikes. ( Peter, 2008 ) Resettlements and Relocation of Population Another point of contention that took topographic point in the building of Three Gorges Dam is that whenever a Dam of such a magnitude is constructed, big relocation of population takes topographic point and same happen in the instance of Three Gorges Dam. In the start is was estimated that 1 million to 2 million of population has to be relocated, but the existent figure was ne'er confirmed, some say 1.2 million were to be shifted, though more than 1 million people were resettled during the building stage of the Dam. Another facet to the resettlement and relocation was the psychological and societal affect on the population who were to be relocated and hence a batch of community oriented critics were against this undertaking. ( Marta & A ; Jordi, 2006 ) Damage to the Landscape and Cultural Heritage Another factor which was raised as a inquiry in the affair of Three Gorges was the alteration in the natural landscape of that topographic point. The degree of reservoir had its impact on the archeological sites and the topographic points counted as antediluvian ruins. The disposal looking after the building of the Three Gorges Dam said they would seek to salvage the cultural heritage every bit much as possible. The Success-Failure Analysis of the Undertaking The Three Gorges Dam undertaking would be considered as a Success despite a batch of negative impact that it has caused because this undertaking achieved for what it set out as marks. The technology and the managerial section of the Three Gorges Dam were implementing a systematic attack in their Transporting out this undertaking. They all were known and good cognizant of the problems and jeopardies in building this big dike and make fulling it with H2O. Like any other large building undertaking will hold some cost and benefits to it, the Three Gorges Dam besides did hold some cost and benefits. ( Peter, 2008 ) The Iron Triangle To mensurate the success of this undertaking, the theoretical account of Iron Triangle will be used. Iron Triangle is the traditional and Orthodox manner of mensurating the success of any undertaking yet this is the most widely used theoretical account for this intent. The Fe trigon is besides referred to as the Project direction trigon. Like any other undertaking and like Fe trigon step, a undertaking has its ain restraints which can be clip, cost and range. ( Wikipedia ) The Fe trigon constitutes three success standards which are Cost, Time and Quality. Time Quality Cost ( Figure 2: The Iron Triangle ) Cost of the Three Gorges Dam Project The Undertaking cost was about 180 billion Yuan, which was about 12 % under budget which makes around 30 billion USD. The lessening in the cost of the undertaking was non due to the less disbursement ; instead it was due to the low rising prices rate in China. The resettlement of the population of the nearby countries of the dike cost around 68.557 billion Yuan, which has besides been included in this entire cost. Construction wise, this undertaking has non proved to be an expensive undertaking because the building cost incurred on this undertaking of Three Gorges Dam was 64.613 billion Yuans and the full return of the cost from the coevals of power is predicted in following 10 old ages. The approximative power coevals expected to be generated from this Three Gorged Dam is 1000 TW/h. ( Marta & A ; Jordi, 2006 ) The over all clip span that this undertaking took was 17 ( 17 ) old ages, but till eleventh ( 11th ) twelvemonth merely, funding were required because after that the undertaking became self sufficient and generated financess from the power supply of the few power units installed by so. So merely for fist 11 ( 11 ) old ages, financess were needed. Beginnings of Fundss The beginnings of financess included the Construction Fund of Three Gorges Dam, grosss from the Gezhouba Dam, loans taken and granted from the China Development Bank, and foreign commercial Bankss, bonds natured corporate, and net incomes before and after the start of the operational activities of the dike. The over all Directors utilized the financess allocated for the undertaking really good and completed the undertaking in the lesser sum than expected or was predicted. Time of the Three Gorges Project The clip span of the Three Gorges Dam was planned in these 17 Old ages, the complete break-up of the agenda was pre planned harmonizing to the old ages. They planned for the readying and the first phase building to be completed in five ( 5 ) old ages that is from 1993-1997, so 2nd phase of building was scheduled to acquire finished in six ( 6 ) old ages, from 1998-2003 which got its milepost on clip and entered into the 3rd stage of its building and completed that in six ( 6 ) old ages excessively till 2009 and came into functional. Previously the targeted twelvemonth to finish the undertaking was 2008 but so it was rescheduled and 2009 was decided and it git finished in 2009. ( Henry et al.. , 2004 ) Quality of the Three Gorges Project The quality of the undertaking was checked and approved at each measure, despite the big graduated table and the difficult proficient and societal confronts directed by the Three Gorges Dam, the applied scientists of China were able to suppress the obstructors at each phase of the undertaking. A batch unfavorable judgment was done on this undertaking of Three Gorges Dam and a batch inquiries were raised, but these unfavorable judgments did non travel in vain as at each phase and degree, the directors took actions against each affair and resolved the issue by taking steps against them and implementing the controlled program in the building. ( Henry et al.. , 2004 ) Until now there haven Ts been any studies of the slits or minor alterations in the substructure of the Three Gorges Dam, which shows that the dike has possible to bear the H2O degree which is maintained in it and was constructed for. Recommendations Whatever the graduated table or degree of the undertaking was, there is ever a infinite between flawlessness and the existent degree of work. In the undertaking of Three Gorges Dam, the decision makers have taken attention of the Time, Cost and quality but the conservationists who had issues sing the unsafe effects on the certain species of the fish found in the Yangtze river were put to hazard. There might hold been some possible manner to avoid that ecological devastation and the jeopardies caused in the environment. The cost of affects caused on the environment was excessively high. Therefore a batch of critics think that the undertaking of Three Gorges Dam from the start was a incorrect determination, nevertheless I would instead reason that despite that fact that it caused environmental devastation, it has given china a manner to turn out to the universe that they, with the biggest Dam in the universe are ready to go the 2nd biggest ace power in the this century. China is on its manner for its finish. Decision The celebrated and universe renowned Three Gorges Dam of China has quickly achieved its decision. This undertaking of Three Gorges dike, had a immense aggregation of peripheral developmental strategy along with it, comprised the main H2O supply enlargement in the past history of world. As happens with any other cardinal building programs that well changes or amends a watershed, this undertaking of the Three Gorges Dam had of import costs and payback. Among the most major wages were the production of energy without nursery gas releases, developments in pilotage, and possible lessening in inundation dangers. Among the most notable costs were immense supplantings of 1000000s of Chinese people to do path for the dike and H2O reservoir, farther environmental sordidness of the River of Yangtze s ecology and piscaries, a bead in deposit touching the Eastern China Sea, and a lifting hazard of new avalanche and reservoir persuaded seismicity. Over old ages, the overall benefits and net income s of the undertaking would go more obvious.